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Bihar

Area : 94,163 sq.km.
Population : 8,28,78,796. It is the second-most populous state after U.P.
Main Language : Hindi
Capital : Patna, founded by Sher Shah Suri. It stands on the site of the ancient capital, Pataliputra of the Mauryan empire.

Literacy rate :
Lowest in the country (38.48%)

Location :
Bihar is a land-locked state with Nepal in the north. West Bengal, U.P., Madhya Pradesh and Orissa are the states surrounding it. It is geographically divided into two strikingly different physical regions – the northern fertile plains and the southern regions of Chota Nagpur plateau which is a succession of plateaus, hills and valleys.

Major Towns :
Nalanda : A Buddhist university flourished here making Nalanda a renowned centre of higher learning in Asia, for several centuries. Only the ruins of the university remain.
Bodh Gaya : The sacred Buddhist site where Buddha meditated under a pipal tree known as the Bodhi tree and attained enlightenment.
Pawapuri : Lord Mahavira attained salvation here. The Jalmandir is a major pilgrimage site for Jains.
Bokaro : The country's biggest steel mill is located here.
Jamshedpur : The steel city founded by Jamshedji Nasarwanji Tata.
Dhanbad : A mining town world famous for its rich coalfields at Jharia.
Ranchi : Once the summer capital of Bihar it is known for its scenic beauty and large industries.
Barauni : Famous for its large oil-refinery.

Major River :
Ganga. The Mahatma Gandhi Setu, one of the world's longest bridges spans the river.
Mineral Resources : Richest mineral output (40%) in the country.

The world's chief supplier of mica and the country's largest producer of coal.

Climate :
Dry winter, hot summer followed by heavy rains. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is several degrees cooler both in winter and summer.

Mineral Resources : Richest mineral output (40%) in the country.
The world's chief supplier of mica and the country's largest producer of coal.
Some of the most sacred places of Buddhism and Jainism are located in Bihar.
Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodhgaya under a bodhi tree. The tree which stands at the spot is said to be a descendant of the original.
Twenty of the 24 Tirthankaras (Teachers of Jainism) are believed to have attained nirvana in the Parasnath hills of Chotanagpur.
The Jalmandir in Pawapuri stands at the place where Lord Mahavira attained nirvana in 477 B.C.
Notable Hindu shrines in Bihar include the Vishnupad temple, where devotees pay homage to a 40-cm-long footprint believed to be that of Lord Vishnu.
Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth guru of the Sikhs was born in Patna, where stands Harminder Sahib, one of the four most sacred shrines of Sikhism.
Among non-religious monuments of note one must include Sher Shah's mausoleum built of red sandstone, at Sasaram.
Remains of emperor Ashoka's palace have been excavated at Kumhar in Patna.
Golghar is a hemispherical 27-metre-high granary built in 1786 to store grain against possible famines.
The tribal population of Bihar includes the Asurs believed to be the sub-continent's first iron smelters; the Mundas, the most ancient of the 30 tribes or so in the region and the Santhals, the predominant and the most prosperous of the tribes of Bihar.



Bihar
Bihar
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